Jeddah: Coral reefs in the northern Red Sea demonstrate exceptional resilience in the face of coral bleaching, which is the single largest threat facing coral reefs globally. Research, including studies by the General Organization for Conservation of Coral Reefs and Turtles in the Red Sea (Shams), has shown that these reefs can withstand temperatures above average without experiencing high rates of bleaching.
According to Saudi Press Agency, bleaching occurs when sharply rising seawater temperatures stress symbiotic algae known as zooxanthellae. These microscopic organisms live within coral tissue, providing approximately 90% of its food and color. When stressed, the algae leave the coral, causing it to lose its color and turn white, making it susceptible to death.
The resilience of the northern Red Sea corals is attributed to the ability of zooxanthellae to remain within coral colonies and not easily leave them, and the possibility of the coral hosting more heat-resistant algae species.
The gradual drop in water temperature following heat waves also gives these reefs a chance to recover and regain their activity.