Makkah: The Grand Mosque is situated in the heart of the Makkah valley, a site historically associated with the Kaaba since the time of the Prophet Ibrahim. This location, nestled among mountains, defines the unique topography where the city of Makkah was founded.
According to Saudi Press Agency, geographically, Makkah serves as a narrow passage within the valley of Ibrahim, located within the Sarawat Mountains. The Grand Mosque sits in a low-lying area surrounded by prominent peaks, including Mount Abu Qubais to the east, Mount Quaiqian to the west, and the historic mounts Al-Nour and Thawr.
Geologically, Makkah is part of the Arabian Shield, featuring ancient igneous rock formations such as granite. The formation of this valley created a natural passage that facilitated the movement of trade caravans across the Arabian Peninsula in ancient times.